Apparatus for instructing gun-layers in pointing guns.



PATBNTED `0G".l"..8, 1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

U'. D. WHITE. APPARATUS PoR INSTRUUTING GUN LAYBRS 1N PUINTINU GUNS.

I LPPLIUATIQN FILED JAXJI, 1907.

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witneooao R. D. WHITE.

PATENTED 0CT.`8',. 1907.

APPARATUS POR INSTRUGTING GUN LAYERSJIN POINTING GUNS# APPLICATION FILED JAILZI, 1907.

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ull li 5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

@Houma/12| 5" l PATENTED OCT. 8

N. n. WHITE. b APPARATUS PUR INSTNUUTING GUN LAYBRS IN PUINTING GUNS.

APPLIUATION FILED JANJIJ 1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3A 05%@ Y-@Q /bbozuuj! IIIIIIIHI No. 867,862. M TBNTBD om?. 8,1907. R. 1). WHITE.

APPARATUS 4POR INSTRUGTING GUN LAYERS IN POINTING GUNS.

APPLIOATION FILED JAXLZI, 1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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PATBNTED OCT. 8, 1907.

R. D. WHITE. APPARATUS POR INSTRUCTING GUN LAYBRS IN POINTING GUNS.

APPLIGATION FILED JN.2l, 1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

.apparatus to the gun, and the construction lorV cih/aracter UNITED STATES PATENT oEEIoE.

BICI-IARD D. WHITE, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUNIBIA.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 8, 1907.

Application iiled January 21, 1907. Serial No. 353,370.

To all 11i/tomi! may concern:

le it known'that I, RICHARD D. WHITE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, in the District oi Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for instructing Gun- Laycrs in Pointing Guns; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it apper'tains to make and use the same.

'lhis invention relates to improvements in apparatus` for training guns crews, to point guns without actually tiring any projectile at the target, but in which one or more targets, which may or may not have independent motion relative to the gun, are caused to illustrate similar results, as if the target had actually been struck by a projectile fired either by the gun or by a sub-caliber device mounted in or near the gun.

My invention will be best understood by reference tothe following description when taken in connection with the accompanying illustration showing one lspecific embodiment thereof, while its scope will be more va side elevation of the tampion mounted in the muzzle oi the gun with the apparatus for operating the dotterV carried by said tompion; Fig. 34x is a detail showing thc scale for the retarding valve; Fig. 4 is an inverted plan view of the apparatus carried by the iront end of the tampion, as seen in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is an end view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3, as seen from the right of said figure; F igfG is a detail showing in side elevation the pivoted arm carrying the pencil point or other marker; Fig. 7 is a plan view oi the device shown in Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a detail showing, infront elevation, the

I vrocking frame adapted to be connected to the electro- Inagnet for swinging the dotter arm; Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the device shown in Fig. 8; Fig. l0 shows the u cross head attached to the swing-ing boom and carrying three similar target boards; Fig. Il shows ya frontview of one of the targets on a largerscale with the paper i sheet on, and Fig. l2 shows a section along the line 12- 1 gun` being of any'suitable or desired construction and mounted in any usual or desired way. It willbe un-l derstood that not only as to the`details hereafter de-v scribed, but also as to the modepfapplication of this of the gun or guns to which it may be applied, my invention is in no sense restricted to what is here shown or suggested. 1 v

For the purpose of supporting the target or other devices upon Which record is to be made, or with reference to which indication of the aim is to be effected,

2) to which the swinging boom B is connected, so that crosshead C is rigidly secured, and this cross head1 carries sleeves d for supporting the targets D.

ranged that the left hand target may be kept inthe field of the telescope J, and the right hand target kept inthe field of the telescope J, which telescopes are used for training the gun laterally .and for. ltaking care of the elevation of the gun respectivelyhfwhile the Vcentral sition to be intersectedby the Vertical plane through the axis of the bore of the gun.

Each target (Figs. 10 Aand 12) consists of a back plate D to which a wooden board D2 is secured, and in iront' of each of these is a frame D3, which is hinged to said board, as at cF, see Fig. 12,:while the opposite end of the frame D3, may be clamped to said board by the clamp screws and nuts df. -Any means to receive the record may be employed, but herein paper sheets D0 bearing representations of bulls eyes,'l to 10 etc., is stretched over the board D2 and is clamped down beneath the frame D3 by means of the clamp screws and place, as shown in Fig. 11. I

In order to give the guns crew practice in firing at a moving target from a moving platform, means are provided for moving the target either vertically o r laterally, which means are preferably made independent of each 'other, so that all the conditions as to .relative speeds of a vessel firing and a vessel aimed at, and the rolling or pitching of the flringlyenslsel, be represented in actual practice withftlie apparatus'. l i' In the illustrated apparatus vertical movement (Figs. 1 and 2).is imparted to the various targets by moving the boom B through a vertical angle, which is effected by hauling up or easing down on the wire rope E, which passes over suitable pulleys e and is connected to the drum.E/, which may be turned by the handle e. Lateral movement to the targets is Vimparted bymeans "oi-theowire rope F, which carries at one end the weight 'FK-,df and'is connected at theother end, to the drum F', which rmay be turned by the hand crank f This said boom may have universal motion about the socket b. The ordinary ball and socket joint, o1' suitable y gimbals, may be provided for this purpose. This/jy" boom carries at'its forward end a sleeve b, in theV4 i Although one or any number of targets may be used, i there are preferably three of these'targets, 'which are' substantially similar in every respect, andare so artarget is, or preferably should be," maintained ina'pd rope F'passes over suitable pulleys f, and by winding the gun body A carries theclamp ring D (Figs. 1 and nutsd, and thus the paper sheet D0 is heldIirmly in up or easing off on the drum F, the targets may be swung through an angle laterally. By havingr the vertical motion independent ot' the horizontal motion, practice may be had for correcting for the various differences of speed vof the vessel tiring and the vessel aimed at, and for different rates of roll or pitch of the gun platiorm` and these two motions may be.compounded t0 compare with all sorts of possible conditions in practice.

The target being held in front of the gun. as described. the relative position of the target and of the line ol Iire of the gun is indicated on the target, at the end of the tiring interval` by means of the dotter apparatus, which will now be described.

G represents a tampion. which is adapted to slip into the muzzle of the gun. and is prevented from slipping in too far by means of the pin G, see Figs. l to 3. To allow for the escape of air froni the muzzle o1' the gun past the tampion` when the latter is inserted. or when the breech is closed with the apparatus in the gun, vent passages g. g, indicated in dotted lines on Fig. 3, may be provided.

Attached to the front end of the tompion, (Figs. 3, 4 and 5) is a plate H. Secured to this plate, by means of the bolts I and nuts l', is the insulating piece K carrying the two coils K oi the electro-magnet. These coils have solenoid cores K2 connected by the armature K3, and this armature is connected by the link L to the frame M, which rocks on the shalt M in the bracket N. This frame is provided at its upper end with a pin m bearing an anti-friction roller, which roller engages in the elongated slot p in the arm P", of the frame P. It will be seen that the roller rolls towards the pivot P thus starting to rock the same at a longer leverage and gradually decreases this leverage, with corresponding increase of speed of the point Q. This affords more power to start the frame l and less to keep it going. This frame rocks onA the shaft I, mounted in the bracket N, and carries at one end the counterpoise weights I. and at the other end the holder 1F for the pencil point Q, which is clamped in said holder by means oi the clamp screws p. Back of the arm P" is provided a heck p to which is connected the spring R. This spring normally holds the dotter frame in the inoperative position, shown in full lines in Fig. 3, until. said dotter frame is moved to the position indicated in dotted lilies in said figure under the act-ion of the electro magnet. and against. the action of said spring lt, as will be hereinafter described.

To provide for the normal tiring interval. as well as for abnormal tiring intervals caused by hang-tires., or the like, adjustable means are provided for retarding the movement oi the marker arm or dotter, so that. the pencil point. or other marking point. will not strike the target until a briet interval after the trigger has been pulled. This interval may be varied at will to give the guns crew better practice, and this-interval, like the relative motion of the target to the line of fire may cow veniently be exaggerated so as to accustom the guns crew to compensate for greater errors than those normally encountered in action, and thus may accustom them to tire with great precision when occasion arises, but without necessitating'any ordinary target practice, or the expenditure of any ammunition. This object may be secured in various ways but herein I have shown the following construction. The lower end of the trame M is connected to the sleeve S, held between the lock nuts S on the screw threaded portion L of the piston rod T. see Fig. 3. This piston rod carries the piston T fitting snugly in the cylinder U` which cylinder is provided with air passages n in fronti ol' said piston` and in rear of said piston it is provided with an inlet. passage 1l connected by the hose or pipe V to the valve seat V mounted in the sleeve V2. This sleeve is per-v forated,as at 'DU to permit the free escape of the air therefrom4 and carries a nut W2 into which the screw threaded sten. W3 of the valve W passes. This valve may be moved towards or away from its seat by turning on the milled head W5, which carries a pointer w. which moves over a scale v on the end of the sleeve V2. The position of the valve W is thus indicated by the pointer lw of the scale e. To take up any lost' motion in the screw threads. and also to allow the valve to open freely on the return stroke of the piston, a. weak spring W4 is provided which tends to press the valve towards its seat.

The purpose of the valve arrangement just described is to throttle down the influx of air to the cylinder U and thus to retard the motion of the piston T in said cylinder, which will cause the point 'Q to take a longer or shorter time, as may be desired, to move from the initial position to the position for striking the target. Thus by moving the valve W towards or away from its seat, the compensation for the firing interval may be increased or decreased, at will. The spring W4 yields and allows the valve to open freely on the reverse stroke of the piston.

X is an insulating bar carrying the binding posts Y; and Z are the cables for the conductors. These cables maybe connected to any suitable push button, or trig ger, or other device, for closing the circuit, when desired.

The operation of the device is as follows. Each target D is provided with a number of bulls eyes .l to l0 etc., as indicated in Fig. 11, and each bulls eye constitutes in effect a separate target, so that the same paper sheet may be used a great number of times without being replaced.

Suppose, for instance, it is desired to aim the gun at the bulls eye marked 9. The men at the two telescopes J and J bring the cross hairs of their telescopes on the bulls eye 9 of their respective targets at the left andright, respectively, of the cross head The target in the meantime is, of course, moving relative to the gun, and the idea is not only to bring the cross hairs on the respective bulls eyes at the proper time,` but to keepthem on their respective bulls eyes during the interval between the closing of the 'circuit and the impinging ofthe point Q on the central target.

If the Cross wires of the telescopes have been kept on their respective bulls eyes throughout this interval, the result will be that the point Q will strike its bulls eye, thus making a hit if the telescopes have not been properly pointed, or if the cross wires have not been kept on the bulls eye throughout the above mentioned interval, the result will be a 1niss; and by continued practice the guns crew is enabled to point the gun with extreme rapidity and accuracy. It will be obvious that the results secured with the apparatus will be reproduced when the conditions of actually 'ring the gun with service charges occur.

The herein described apparatus not only Aeffects a saving in ammunition, doing away with the necessity even of sub-caliber or Morris tube practice; but also renders it possible to carry on the practice in port or alongside the dock, or in company with other ships at sea, without any possible danger from the projectile ordinarily used in sub-caliber practice. Further, the apparatus continues accurate in its action even after it has been in use a great length of time; whereas subcaliber guns, and rifles used in Morris tube practice soon become leaded or eroded in the bore to such an extent as to become inaccurate in action, giving misleading. results and affording valueless training. The apparatus does not require reloading or recharging during its use, thereby saving the labor of an extra man, and precluding the possibility of derangement consequent to said performance. The apparatus contains no complicated lock or other mechanism which demands constant close attention or frequent repair.'

The retarded action of the apparatus incites the pointers to very accurate pointing, and each error, however minute, is accurately and proportionately recorded.

While I have shown the targets and dotter as mounted infront of the muzzle of the gun, which is the preferable position, they may be mounted at any convenient place forward ofthe gun mount and in front ofthe gun sights.

It Will also be obvious, to those skilled in the art, that numerous and extensive departures from the form and the details of the apparatus here shown may be made without departing from the spirit of this invention, the same being herein shown solely for the purpose of clearly illustrating one specific embodiment thereof.

Claims.

1. The combination with a target mounted in front of the gun sights, with means for moving said target both laterally and vertically, of a swinging arm carried by the gun and having a marking point, with means for causing said point to strike the target after a predetermined tiring interval. substantially as described.

lhe combination with a target mounted in front of the gun sights with means for moving said target both laterally and vertically, of a swinging arm carried by the.

'gun and having a marking point with means for causing said point to strike the target after a predetermined tiring interval. and means for varying the tiring interval, substantially as described.

.'Z. Thr` combination with a target mounted in front of the gun sights with means for moving said target both laterally and vertically', of a swinging arm carried by the gun and having a marking point, and electro-magnetic means controlled b v the gun pointer for swingingl said arm and thus causing said point to strike the target after a predetermined tiring interval, substantially as described.

si. The combination with a target mounted in front of thel gun sights with means for moving said target both laterally and vertically, of a swinging arm carried by the gun and having, a marking point, and electro-magnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike the target after a predetermined tiring interval, and means for varying the tiring interval, substantially as described.

',lhe combination with a target mounted in front of the gun sights with means for moving said target with varying andindependent velocities, both laterally and vertically of n swinging arm carried by the gun and having a marking paint. andl electro-magnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike the target after a. predetermined tiring interval, substantially as described.

6. The combination with a target mounted in front of the gun sights with means for movingI said target with varying and independent velocities, both laterally and vertically, of a swinging arm carried by the gun and h aving a marking point, electro-magnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for. swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike the target after a predetermined firing interval, with means for varying the tiring interval, substantially as described.

'i'. The combination with a target mounted in front of the gun, with means for moving said target both laterally and vertically, of a swinging armcarried by the gun and having a marking point, electro-magnetic means conand vertically, of a swinging ram carried by the gun and causing said point to strike the target after a predetermined fring interval, and means for varying the tiringinterval, comprising a pneumatic cylinder and piston, and an adjustable valve for controlling the iow of fluid from said cylinder, substantially as described.

S. The combination with a swinging boom or derrick pivoted to the gun, a target carried by said boom in front of the gun with means for moving said boom both laterally and vertically, of a swinging arm also carried by the gun and having a marking point with means for causing said point to strike the target after a predetermined tiring interval, and means for varying the tiring interval, substantially as described.

t). The combination with a swinging boom or derrick pivoted to the gun, of a target carried by said boom in4 .a predetermined ring interval, substantially as described.

10. The combinationv'vith a target mounted in front of the gun sights, with means for moving said target both laterally and vertically, a swinging arm also carried by the gun and having a. marking point, a roller engaging said arm at a varying leverage'and electro-magnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for moving said roller and thereby swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike the target after a predetermined firing interval, substantially as described.

11. The combination with a target mounted in front of tbc gun sights, with means for moving said target both laterally and vertically, of a swinging arm also carried by the gun and having a' marking point, a roller engaging said arm at a varying leverage, electro-magnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for moving said roller and thereby swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike the target after a predetermined tiring interval, and means for varying the firing interval, substantially as described.

12. The combination with a swinging boom or derrick pivoted to the gun, with means for moving said boom lwith varying and independent velocities, both laterally and vertically. of a target carried by said boom, a swinging arm carried by the gun and having a marking point, and means controlled by the gun pointer for swinging said arnnland thus causing said point to strike the target, substantially as described.

13. The combination with a swinging boom or dei-rick pivoted to thc gun, with means for moving said boom with varying and independent velocities, both laterally :1nd vertically, of a target carried by said boom,'a swinging :frin carried by the gun and having a marking point, eletlomagnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike the.'

target after a predetermined tiring interval, and means l prising a pneumatic cylinder and piston, and an adjustable valve for controlling the flow of uid from said cylinder, substantially as described.

15. 'lhe combination with a series of targets mounted in t'ront ot' the gun sights` with means for moving said series ot' targets both laterally and vertically, of a swinging arm carried by tite gun and having a marking point, and means for causing said point to strike one of said targets al'ter a predetermined tiring interval, substantially as described.

lo. 'lhe combination with a series of targets connected together and mounted in front. of the gun sights, with means for moving said series of targets both laterally and vertically. ol' a swinging arm carried by the gun and having a markingpoint. with means for causing said point to st ike. one otsaid targets at'ter a predetermined tiring interval. and means for varying the tiring interval, slibsl'antially as described.

1T. 'l`he combination with a series of targets connected together and mounted in front of the gun sights, with means tor moving said series of targets both laterally and vertically. ot a swinging arm carried by the gun and having a marking point. and electro-magnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for swinging said arm and thus .causing said point to strike one of said targets after a predetermined tiring interval, substantially as described.

1S. 'lhe combination with a series of targets connected together and mounted in front. of the gun sights, with means for moving said series of targets both laterally and vertically. of a swinging arm carried by the gun and having a marking 'point. and electro-magnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike one of said targets after a predetermined tiring interval. and means for varying the tiring interval, substantially as described.

1S). 'l`he combination with a series of targets connected together and mounted in front of the gun, with means for moving said series of targets with varying and independent velocities. both laterally and vertically, of a swinging artn carried by the gun and having a marking point and electro-magnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike. one of said targets after a predetermined tiring interval. substantially as described.

2o. lhe combination with a series of targets connected together and mounted in front of the gun, with means for moving said series ot' targets with varying and independent velocities. both laterally and vertically, of a swinging arm carried by the gun and having a marking point. electro-m: uetic means controlled by the gun pointer t'or s\\in..ing said arm and thus causing said point to strike one of said targets after a predetermined tiring interval. and means for varying the tiring interval, substantially as described.

2l. The combination with a series of targets connected together and mounted in front of the gun. with means for moving said series of targets both laterally and vertieally. of a swinging arm carried by the gun and having a marking point. electro-magnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for swingingr .said arm and thus causing said point to strike one of said targets after a predetermined tiringr interval. and means for varying the ring interval, comprising a pneumatic cylinder and piston. and an adjustable valve for controlling the flow of fluid from said cylinder. substantially as described.

'lhe combination with a swinging boom or derrick pivot'ed to the gun. of a crosshead carried by said boom, a series ot' targets carried by said cross head, with means for moving said boom both laterally and vertically, and a swingingr arm also carried by the gun and having a marking point with means tor causing said point to strike one of the targets after a predetermined tiring interval, substantially as described.

JThe combination with a swinging boom 0r derrick pivoted to the gun. of a cross head carried by said boom. a series of targets carried by said cross head, with means tor moving said boom both laterally and vertically, and a swinging arm also carried by the gun and having a marking point with means for causing said point to strike one of the targets after a predetermined tiring interval, with means for varying the firing interval, substantially as described.

l. 'lhe combination with a swinging boom or derrick pi-voted to the gun, of a cross head carried by said booln, a series of targets carried by said cross head, 'with means for moving said boom both laterally and vertically. a swinging arm also carried by the gun and having a marking point. and electro-magnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike the target after a predetermined tiring interval, substantially as described.

25. The combination with a swinging boom or derrick, pivoted to the gun, of a cross head carried by said boom, a series of targets carried by said crosshead, with means for moving said boom both laterally and vertically, a swinging arm also carried by the gun and having a marking point. and electro-magnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike the target after a predetermined tiring interval, with means for varyingr the tiring interval, substantially as described.

2G. The combination with a series of targets mounted in front of the gun sights, with means for moving said series of targets both laterally and vertically, of a swinging arm also carried by the gun and having a marking point, a roller engaging said arm at a varying leverage, and electromagnetic means controlled by the gun pointer tor moving said roller and thereby swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike one of the targets after a predetermined tiring interval, substantially as described.

27. 'lhe combination with a series of targets mounted in front ot the gun sights, with means for moving said series of' targets both laterally and vertically, of a swinging arm also carried by the gun and having a marking point', a roller engaging said arm at a varying leverage, electro-magnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for moving said roller and thereby swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike one of the targets after a predetermined tiring interval, and means for varyingr the tiring interval. substantially as described.

2S. 'lhe combination with a swinging boom or derrick pivoted to the gun, with means for moving said boom with varying and independent velocities, botlt laterally and vertically, of a series of targets carried by said boom, a swinging arm carried by the gun and having,r a marking point` and means controlled by the gun pointer for swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike one of the targets, substantially as described.

20. 'lhc combination with a swinging poom or derrick pivoted to the gun. with means for moving said boom with varying and independent velocities, both laterally and vertically. of a series of targets carried by said boom, a swinging arm carried by the gun and having a max-king point, electro-magnetic means controlled by the gun pointer for swinging said arm and thus causing said point to strike one ot' the targets after a predetermined tiring interval. and means for varying the tiring interval, substantially as described.

30. The combination with a swinging boom or derrick pivoted to the gun. with means for moving said boom witlr varying and independent velocities, of a series of t'argets carried by said boom, a swinging arm carried by the gun and having a marking point, electro-magnetic means controlled b v the gun pointer for swinging said arm and thus causing said point: to strike one ot the targets after a predetermined tiring interval, and means for *varying the tiring interval, comprising a pneumatic cylinder and piston. and an adjustable valve for controlling the flow of fluid from said cylinder, substantially as described.

31. ln an apparatus of the character described, the combination with a plate and brackets secured thereto, of a swinging frame provided with an arm carrying a pointer pivoted in one of said brackets and having a cam engagement with the first frame, means for normally holding beth frames in the initial position, and an electro magnet for swinging the second frame, substantially'as described.

32. In an apparatus of the character described, the

combination with a plate and brackets secured thereto, of a swinging frame provided with an arm carrying a pointer pivoted in one of said brackets, a secondl trame pivoted in a second bracket and having a cam engagement with the irst frame, means for normally holding both frames in the initial position, and au electro-magnet for swinging the second frame, with means for checking the movement of the second frame when acted upon by said electro-magnet, substantially as described.

In an apparatus of the character described, the combination with a plate and brackets secured thereto, of a swinging frame provided with an arm carrying a pointer pivoted in one of said brackets, a second frame pivoted in a second bracket and having a cam engagement with the lirst frame. means for normally holding both frames in the initial position, and an electro magnet for swinging the second frame, with adjustable means for checking the movement of the second frame when acted upon by said electro magnet, substantially as described.

34. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination with a plate and brackets secured thereto, of a swinging frame provided with an arm carrying a pointer pivoted in one of said brackets, a second frame pivoted in a second bracket and having a cam engagement with the first frame, means for normally holding both frames in the initial position, and an electro magnet for swingingthe second frame, with adjustable means for checking the movement of the second frame whenv acted upon by said electro magnet, comprising a pneumatic brake connected to said second frame, substantially as described.

35. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination with a plate and brackets secured thereto, of a swinging frame provided with an arm carrying a pointer pivoted in one of said brackets, a second frame pivoted in a second bracket and having a cam engagement with the first frame, means for normally holding both frames in the initial position, and an 'electro magnet vfor swinging the second frame, with adjustable means for checking the movement of the second frame when acted upon by said electro magnet, comprising a pneumatic cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a. piston rod connecting said piston -and said second trame, and means for regulating the movement of said piston in said cylinder, substantially as described.

36. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination with a plate and brackets secured thereto, of a swinging frame provided with an arm carrying a pointer pivoted in one of said brackets, a second frame pivoted in a second bracket and having a cam engagement with the first frame, means for normally holding both frames in the initial position, and an electro magnet for swinging the second frame, with adjustable means for checking the movement of the second frame when acted upon by said electro magnet, comprising a pneumatic cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a piston rodconnecting said piston and said second frame, means for-regulating the movement of said piston in said cylinder, consisting of an air inlet pipe connected to said cylinder, and a throttle valve regulating the iiow of air into said inlet pipe, substantially as described.

37. The combination with a gun, a target, means for causing relative movement between the gun and target, and means for effecting a delayed record of the aim of the gun.

3S. The combination with an aiming device ot a target or other like object at which aim may be taken, an electromagnetic device for recording the aim, and means for retarding the action of the recording device.

39. 'lhe combination with an aiming device ot means for etecting a delayed record of the aim thereof at any given time without the issuance of a projectile.

40. The combination with an aiming device, means for recording the aim thereof Without the issuance of a projectile, and adjustable means for delaying the action of said recording means.

Vfor effecting engagement between the marker and one of said targets after a predetermined tiring interval, substantially as described.

43. The combination with a gun, a target, means for moving the target vertically, independent means for moving the target laterally, and means for effecting a delayed record of the aim of the gun, substantially as described.

44. The combination with a gun of a marking device, electromagnetic means for actuating the marking device to effect record of the aim after a predetermined firing interval, and means for varying the tiring interval, substantially as described.

45. The combination with a gun, of a gun sight, a. movable target in the line of said gun sight, means for moving the target, and means for effecting a delayed record of the aim of the gun taken through said sight at said movable target, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I alix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

RICHARD D. WHITE.

Witnesses E. M. BRANDT, M. C. Bonmn. 

